Теперь ,что ближе нам- Подводный флот. Всем изветно ,что в начале войны превосходство немцев на море было на лицо. Это только благодаря советским морякам,не техники,а именно их мужесту и героизму уже в 42году ,было потоплено десятки( 100?) подводных лодок нацистов. Серии этих лодок ,если мне память не изменяет VII(7) обозначались. Поняв ,что дело швах ,немцы вернулись к другому проекту,который хотели еще в начале 41 -го запустить,но из-за большого объема работ,нехватки раб.силы,ну и по другим причинам ,отложили,т.е по принципу,лучше маленькие ,но много. Серию назвали XXI(21) Почему 21,сам не знаю. Так вот,как вы понимаете, рабочей силы в 42 году у них было предостаточно. Думаю вы догодались откуда. За 3(!) месяца проект доработали и запустили в производство. Эта серия отличалась от старой,скажем так,как день и ночь. 1.Вооружение такая лодка несла намного больше. 2 Автономность возросла,включая в подводном положении до 3 недель ,по другим данным до 30суток. 3.Скорость до 18узлов,по другим источникам до 20. 4.Шумность,обтекаемость ,да еще многое другое. Что интересно,выстрел торпедами можно было залпом производить и лодка могла находиться в любом положении к надводной цели,т.е даже боком. После выстрела,торпеда разворачивалась и шла к цели(самонаведение?) Т.Т.Д лодки этой серии-
General characteristics
Class and type: Submarine
Displacement: 1,621 tonnes standard
2,100 tonnes full load
Length: 76.7 m (251 ft 8 in)
Beam: 8 m (26 ft 3 in)
Draught: 5.3 m (17 ft 5 in)
Propulsion: Diesel/Electric
2× MAN M6V40/46KBB supercharged 6-cylinder diesel engines, 4,000 PS (2.9 MW)
2× SSW GU365/30 double acting electric motors, 5,000 PS (3.7 MW)
2× SSW GV232/28 silent running electric motors, 226 PS (0.166 MW)
Speed: Surfaced:
15.6 kn (28.9 km/h) (diesel)
17.9 kn (33.2 km/h) (electric)
Submerged:
17.2 kn (31.9 km/h) (electric)
6.1 kn (11.3 km/h) (silent running motors)
Range: Surfaced:
Я вам на английском текст выложу,если возможно переведите и на русском обратно,сюда.
The Type XXI however, was designed from the beginning as a true submarine, whose natural habitat was in the depths. Almost everything about the submarine was new and out of all proportions, achieved unconventional underwater performance far beyond the capabilities of any submarine then either in service or under development. She was designed to have a faster speed submerged than when running on the surface. Equipped with air-conditioning, she was designed to spend most of her time underwater and could remain submerged for up to 11 days at a time, briefly surfacing for only 3 to 5 hours to recharge her batteries. For this, the Type XXI had a full streamlined outer hull and complete absence of clutter on the deck. The forward hydroplane retracted when not in use, there were no deck guns, the twin 20mm AA flak were mounted in streamlined housings, and all extending devices such as schnorchel, antenna, and DF loop retracted into the superstructure when not in use. Instead of the traditional open conning tower, there were three small openings at the top of the bridge, one for the watch officer and the other two for lookouts. Internally, the cross section of the pressure hull was a figure of eight, with the upper section being of greater diameter than the lower. The batteries were housed in the lower section. She had three times the battery capacity and with her new creep motor, the Type XXI was very silent when running underwater. By comparison, the Type XXI at 15 knots emitted the same noise as a US Navy Balao class boat at 8 knots. Her pressure hull was fabricated from 1 inch thick steel aluminum alloy, which allowed a maximum crush depth of 280 meters (919 feet); the deepest of any military submarine at that time. The streamlined hull also offered a much smaller sonar signature and with her silent running capability, and high underwater speed, she was a much more difficult boat for enemy ASW vessels to find or detect. Equipped with a sophisticated echo chamber, which could identify, track and target multiple vessels, the Type XXI could fire blind from up a depth of 160 feet. Her firepower was also increased significantly. With a new rapid reloading hydraulic system, the Type XXI could launch three six torpedo salvos or eighteen torpedoes in just under 20 minutes; whereas it took over ten minutes to reload just one tube on the Type VIIC. This meant that the Type XXI could attack more vessels in a single engagement. The increased space also allowed more torpedoes to be carried – 23 instead of 14 on the Type VIIC.
15,500 nmi (28,700 km) at 10 kn (19 km/h)
Submerged:
340 nmi (630 km) at 5 kn (9.3 km/h)
Complement: 57 officers and men
Armament: 6 × torpedo tubes
4 x 20 mm cannon
Завтра допишу и фото тоже.
